Polarized Light from Stars and Galaxies
Magnetic fields have polarizing effects on light, and it is through this effect that we know that all stars, including our Sun, have strong
Black Holes and Unicorns
Dividing a number by zero yields what’s known as a mathematical singularity. The result of such a division is not infinite, but undefined.
Redshift Quantization
Back in year 2000, Halton Arp held this lecture on his career as an astronomer, and his findings related to the redshift of Quasars. Of the many things he discovered
Casimir Effect as Polarization
The Casimir effect is a phenomenon in which two neutral surfaces attract or repel each other when in extremely close contact. The effect has been used as evidence for
Electric Conditions in and around the Atomic Nucleus
The proton-electron model of the atomic nucleus, used in my theory, appears at first sight to be lacking a mechanism to keep nuclei from
The Tetraneutron
The tetraneutron is a hypothetical stable cluster of four neutrons. However, such clusters are not supported by current models of nuclear forces, so recent news of its
Time Dilation Due to Gravity
According to general relativity, clocks slow down in the presence of massive bodies. This is known as time dilation due to gravity. The effect of gravity is in other
Time Dilation Due to Velocity
All physical processes, including radioactive decay, slow down for bodies at high speeds. This phenomenon is known as time dilation, or to be
How Matter Dies
Empty space will produce electrons and positrons if subjected to a sufficiently strong electrical force. This manifests itself as gamma-ray radiation which
The Size of Muons and Protons
Morton Spears’ calculations on the relative sizes of neutrons, protons and electrons leave us with two separate ways to describe the size of particles.