Our Sun is thought to be a big ball of gas, with a fusion reactor at its core producing all the heat that radiates from it. However, at closer inspection, the Sun doesn’t look anything like what this theory suggests.
Its outer surface, the so called photosphere, looks suspiciously like a liquid
Our Sun can produce giant fountains and arches from its photosphere, often with enormous drops falling back onto it. Wherever these drops fall, ripples and waves appear, not unlike those that we get when we toss pebbles into a pond.
When there’s an opening in the photosphere that we can peek into, there’s nothing to suggest that there’s anything going on underneath. These openings, known to us as sunspots, are dark and cold compared to the photosphere.
The hottest observable part of the Sun isn’t its surface, right below the photosphere. Nor is it the photosphere. Rather, it’s the corona, thousands of miles above its surface.
This is indicative of electricity because a strong voltage potential can accelerate charged particles to enormous speeds, which makes them increasingly hot as they accelerate out towards space.
It appears then that the current that created the solar system in the first place continues to flow, and that this current powers our Sun.
Furthermore, the photosphere isn’t a gas. It’s liquid rock. Bombarded by charged particles the rocky surface gets so hot that it melts.
This produces a molten strata above a solid surface.
Stars aren’t made of materials significantly different from planets, comets and meteorites. There’s little difference between a star and a planet except for their sizes and temperature. The reason stars are hotter than planets is that they’re bigger and therefore the focal point of interstellar currents.
The abundance of hydrogen and helium seen in the light spectra of stars are not indicative of an abundance of these elements in the star itself. Rather, they are bi-products of fission. Intense electric activity at the surface of stars split hydrogen and helium atoms off from heavier elements.
Stars are not fusion reactors. They are electrically powered furnaces, hot enough to support fission reactions at their surface.
On a final note, we can add that gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn have solid surfaces as well. They have thick atmospheres that hide their surfaces from direct observation, but they too are made predominantly of rock, just like every other astronomic body, including our Sun.
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